PTSD Checklist (PCL-5)

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The PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) is a 20-item self-report measure developed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD and published by Weathers and colleagues in 2013. Each item corresponds directly to one of the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

  • 20 questions about symptoms you have experienced in the past month following a stressful or traumatic event.
  • Scored 0 to 4 per item on a severity scale, producing a total score from 0 to 80.
  • Interpreted using a threshold of 31 to 33 or higher for probable PTSD, with a breakdown across the four DSM-5 symptom clusters.

Although the instrument is called a checklist, it is not a simple yes or no tool. The VA uses the PCL-5 for screening, monitoring symptom change over time, and supporting a provisional diagnosis alongside a clinical assessment. It is in the public domain and free to use.

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Your answers are processed locally in your browser. No data is collected or sent to any server. No login account is required and results are available instantly. This test is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a clinical diagnosis.

A note before you start: These questions ask about distressing reactions to trauma and may bring up difficult memories or feelings. Take breaks if you need to. If you feel unsafe or overwhelmed, please reach out to a trusted person or a crisis line such as the Samaritans (UK, 116 123), the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (US), or the Veterans Crisis Line (US, dial 988 then press 1).

Disclaimer

This test is based on the PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) and is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a clinical diagnostic tool and does not constitute medical advice. PTSD is diagnosed through a comprehensive clinical assessment, not through a questionnaire. If you are concerned about your wellbeing, please consider speaking with a qualified healthcare professional.

FAQs

What is the PCL-5?

The PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) is a 20-item self-report measure developed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD and published by Weathers, Litz, Keane, Palmieri, Marx, and Schnurr in 2013. Each item corresponds to one of the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. It is used worldwide for screening, monitoring symptom change over time, and supporting provisional diagnosis. It is in the public domain and free to use.

Is this a screening test, a checklist, or something else?

The VA officially describes the PCL-5 as a self-report measure. The word "checklist" is in the instrument name for historical reasons, going back to earlier PCL-M, PCL-C, and PCL-S versions used with Vietnam veterans, but the PCL-5 itself is a dimensional severity scale rather than a simple symptom checklist. It is commonly used as a screening tool when looking for probable PTSD and as a severity measure when tracking treatment progress. It is not a diagnostic test on its own.

How is the PCL-5 scored?

Each of the 20 items is rated from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), giving a total score between 0 and 80. The VA National Center for PTSD suggests a cutoff of 31 to 33 as indicative of probable PTSD:

  • 0 to 17: minimal symptoms
  • 18 to 30: some symptoms, below typical screening cutoff
  • 31 to 49: probable PTSD, warrants clinical follow-up
  • 50 to 80: severe symptoms, further assessment strongly recommended

A provisional DSM-5 diagnosis can also be made by treating each item rated 2 (moderately) or higher as an endorsed symptom, then checking the DSM-5 rule: at least 1 Cluster B item (1 to 5), 1 Cluster C item (6 to 7), 2 Cluster D items (8 to 14), and 2 Cluster E items (15 to 20).

How accurate is the PCL-5?

The PCL-5 has strong psychometric properties across veterans, active duty military, college students, and trauma-exposed civilians. Validation studies report excellent internal consistency (typically alpha above 0.94) and good test-retest reliability. Sensitivity and specificity depend on the population and the cutoff used; at a cutoff of 31 to 33, sensitivity and specificity are typically above 0.80 against structured clinical interviews such as the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Like all self-report measures, accuracy depends on honest responding and is reduced in settings where there is incentive to over- or under-report.

What are the four PTSD symptom clusters in DSM-5?

DSM-5 organises PTSD symptoms into four clusters, which this tool scores separately for you:

  • Cluster B (Intrusion, items 1 to 5): unwanted memories, nightmares, flashbacks, emotional and physical reactions to reminders
  • Cluster C (Avoidance, items 6 to 7): avoiding internal reminders (thoughts, feelings) and external reminders (people, places)
  • Cluster D (Negative alterations in cognition and mood, items 8 to 14): memory gaps, negative beliefs, blame, negative emotions, loss of interest, detachment, emotional numbing
  • Cluster E (Alterations in arousal and reactivity, items 15 to 20): irritability, risky behaviour, hypervigilance, startle response, concentration, sleep problems

A DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis also requires exposure to a qualifying traumatic event (Criterion A) and symptoms lasting more than a month and causing clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Does the PCL-5 measure complex PTSD?

The PCL-5 was designed to assess DSM-5 PTSD, not complex PTSD (C-PTSD) as defined in the ICD-11. Many symptoms of C-PTSD overlap with PTSD and would be captured here, but additional features of C-PTSD, such as persistent problems with emotion regulation, negative self-concept, and interpersonal difficulties, are not covered by this instrument. Tools such as the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) are designed specifically for ICD-11 C-PTSD.

Is my data stored anywhere?

No. All scoring happens locally in your browser using JavaScript. Your answers, and the optional description of your event, are never transmitted to any server, stored in a database, or shared with any third party. This screener deliberately does not encode your answers into the URL, so there is nothing identifiable to share even by accident. When you close the tab, your answers are gone. OmLumi collects no personal information from this screener.

What should I do with my results?

If your score falls at or above 31 to 33, or if any individual symptoms are especially distressing, consider speaking with a GP, therapist, or specialist trauma service. PTSD is highly treatable. Evidence-based treatments include trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), prolonged exposure therapy (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Confidential helplines such as the Samaritans (UK, 116 123), the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (US), and the Veterans Crisis Line (US, dial 988 then press 1) can help you find local support.

REFERENCES

Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, Palmieri PA, Marx BP, Schnurr PP. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). National Center for PTSD; 2013. ptsd.va.gov

Developed by staff at the VA National Center for PTSD. As a work of the U.S. federal government it is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.

Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. J Trauma Stress. 2015;28(6):489-498. doi:10.1002/jts.22059

Validation study for the PCL-5.