The AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) is a 10-item screener developed by the World Health Organization across a six-country collaboration and published by Saunders and colleagues in 1993. It is translated into more than 50 languages and is widely used in primary care, emergency medicine, and public health settings.
A lower threshold of 7 is often recommended for women and adults over 65. The AUDIT identifies drinking patterns that are hazardous, harmful, or consistent with alcohol dependence, but it does not by itself diagnose an alcohol use disorder.
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Disclaimer
This test is based on the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a clinical diagnostic tool and does not constitute medical advice. Alcohol use disorders are diagnosed through a comprehensive clinical assessment, not through a questionnaire. If you are dependent on alcohol, reducing or stopping drinking suddenly can be dangerous and should be done with clinical support. If you are concerned about your wellbeing, please consider speaking with a qualified healthcare professional.
The AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) is a 10-item screening questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization across a six-country collaboration in the late 1980s and published by Saunders and colleagues in 1993. It identifies drinking patterns that are hazardous, harmful, or consistent with alcohol dependence. The WHO manual (Babor et al., 2001) is the standard reference and the AUDIT is now used in primary care, emergency medicine, and public health programmes worldwide.
Each of the first eight questions is scored 0 to 4. Questions 9 and 10 are scored 0, 2, or 4. The total ranges from 0 to 40. The WHO manual defines four risk zones:
The WHO manual recommends a standard cutoff of 8 but notes that a lower cutoff of 7 may be more appropriate for women, adolescents, and adults over 65. Subsequent research, including the Reinert and Allen 2007 review, supports a cutoff as low as 4 to 6 for women in some clinical settings. Women metabolise alcohol differently and reach higher blood alcohol concentrations than men after the same number of drinks, which is why lower thresholds are often used.
The AUDIT is one of the most extensively validated alcohol screening tools in existence. A meta-analysis of validation studies reported sensitivity around 0.85 and specificity around 0.89 for detecting any alcohol use disorder at a cutoff of 8. It performs well across cultures and has been translated into more than 50 languages. Like all self-report screeners it depends on honest answers, and scores can be lower in people who underreport drinking.
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If your total falls in the hazardous range (8 or above) or higher, consider discussing your drinking with a GP or an alcohol support service. A score of 20 or more suggests the possibility of alcohol dependence, in which case reducing or stopping drinking suddenly can be medically dangerous and should be done with clinical support. Free confidential helplines such as Drinkline (UK) and SAMHSA (US) can help you find local services.
Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption, II. Addiction. 1993;88(6):791-804. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x
Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Guidelines for Use in Primary Care (2nd ed.). World Health Organization; 2001. WHO/MSD/MSB/01.6a.
The AUDIT is made freely available by the WHO for non-commercial use with attribution.